View source for Biodiversity and taxonomical examinations in view of mriga pakshi Shastra


'''Abstract:'''  Biodiversity is the total number of living things in the world; however, if it is only taken into account for one region, it is referred to as the biodiversity of that region. Biodiversity has long been regarded as an essential component of ecological cycle and natural balance. Books on agriculture and plants were written by the wise man named Parashara. The classification of animals and birds is done based on a variety of factors in the mriga pakshi Shastra book. Hamsadeva was the author of it. The primary focus of this paper was on how animals were categorized using a variety of criteria in ancient India and how this helped preserve biodiversity in the present day.  

'''Key words:''' Conservation, biodiversity, classification, Hamsadeva, Mriga.pakshi.shastra.

'''Introduction:''' Based on their physical characteristics, living organisms are divided into plants, animals, and microorganisms. Classifying organisms can be done in a number of different ways. Taxonomy's founder is regarded as Carolus Linnaeus. He presented a binomial classification framework in which one name depicts variety and another name portrays species. The classification is completed on the basis of morphology, appearance, and physical characteristics. There are many different ways that ancient Indian literature is categorized. The following is the classification found in Purusha suktam: "Vayavyaan Pashugsthagschakre" Aranyaan gramyascha you! Birds are vayavya. Aranya are wild animals. Gramya-homegrown creatures Animals are our younger siblings. India, Nepal, Tibet, and the Himalayas provide new perspectives on the animal world. The Science of Animals and Birds, also known as Mriga.pakshi.shastra. The book was translated by Nalini Sadhale and YL Nene from a Sanskrit text written by Hamsadeva in the 13th century. Hamsadeva is said to have been a poet and scholar who worked for King Shaudadeva's court. He thought about physical as well as mental and conduct qualities for order of creatures. To make things easier, Hamsadeva has divided the characteristics and characteristics of animals and birds into 36 groups, some of which are 

1. The general description. 

2. The hour of their intercourse 

3. The time of pregnancy 

4. The initial stages 

5. The assortment, color, and work 

6. The character of females 

7. The age limit  

8. Their quality whether enraged, quiet or dull Characterization of lions: One model is characterization of lions in view of physical, mental and conduct qualities.

There are 6 sorts of lions; they vary in color, work and quality. When they are 6 or 7 years old and in the rainy season, these animals become more excited when they see or think of female lions. They begin their interaction either in bushes or caves at this point by liking the body, waving their tails, and jumping with a great roar of delight. Foam comes out of the lioness's mouth during the courtship period, which lasts for three hours. If the lioness gets enough sleep, it will become pregnant. Lions stay with them for a few days. After pregnancy their food and supplicate is diminished and lethargy increment step by step they will feel awkward to confront solid breeze and blistering sun. The time of conveyance is fixed at 9 to a year for the most part they convey whelps toward the finish of the spring or at the beginning of summer at conveyance they bring forth 4 to 5 fledglings. The lioness will regain her strength after delivery, and the cubs will begin to play with and consume their mother's milk. They begin to roar loudly, catch deer, and threaten other animals around the third or fourth month. Their strength, anger, and speed increase during their second or third year of life. There are six different kinds of lions, and they are known as the "king of the animals" because they are never afraid of anything and become more enraged when they are hungry. 

'''SIMHA'''  

These animals will have short bodies, a dense mane, and long tails that are very strong and have strong nerves. Even though they are covered in gold, we were still able to spot white lions rearing. On their bodies, they have supple hair. They lift their head while strolling. These will move quickly. These will neither have long nails nor short nails. When they are starving, these are extremely irate. They by and large stay in caves. They occasionally enter water. These are extremely difficult to capture. 

'''MRIGENDRA''' 

These are tall, long manned flanks. When they are starving, they will be slightly enraged. These enjoy hunting elephants very much. These like to meander in sandy and occupied locales. The jaws on these will be long. These will get less sleep but will always be healthy. In the rainy season, these will be more enthusiastic. When they don't need to eat, they like to play in the shadows. Despite their sluggish gait, they are difficult to capture. Some of them will have their front bodies covered by their manes. They have brilliant shaded eyes with long mustaches. On their bodies, they will have various colored spots. 

'''PANCHASYA''' 

These are whitish and short followed. Their mane is short and their hair is dense. They will have long bodies and a height of 36 to 54 inches (or 92 to 138 cm). They never wake up. They appear to be awful. They generally bounce and twist while strolling with their head down. The testicles and their tongue are hanging down. They will have a long mustache and a short face. '''HARYAKSHA''' 

These are extremely horrible, frantic, and brief. They will have claws and long jaws. Their bodies will be covered in stripes. These are healthy and extremely hungry. They have long body with long mane covering their face. These are whitish brown in variety having dim tail. They are exceptionally enamored with laying in shadow districts. Their tails never move. During their childhood, they spit out saliva. They walk with a loud roar.

'''KESARI''' 

Caves are where they always live. When they are young, they roar very badly. They don't like eating. These will have sturdy bodies and legs. When they hear the cries of elephants, they become even more horrible. They enjoy hunting very much. Their bodies are red. They are extremely drowsy. Strips will be applied to their faces. Their tongue will always be covered in foam. '''HARI''' 

These are extremely brief. They are whitish red in color and exhibit little rage. They'll have short manes. These are terrified of wandering during the day. They enjoy the moonlight. They frequently feel thirsty despite having little to eat. Despite their extreme strength, they are composed and patient. Lionesses are typically identical to lions. They won't have mustaches on their faces because they are short. Some of them have a little mane and some of them don't have any stretch of the imagination. They are not awful and move as quickly as lions. They excrete little urine and have short claws. Once or twice in their lifetime, they bear cubs. After ten years, neither the lion nor the lioness harms any other animals; rather, they kill anything that gets close to them. They can only be 20 years old.

'''Classification of tigers:'''

Tigers were classified based on various factors and tigers are classified into three categories based on color, nature and work. 

They are 

# Sardula 
# Dweepy 
# Vyaghra

'''Sardula'''

They are tall in nature and they behave like lions. Stripes present on the body which are in black color. The main characteristics of these are 

Length of tail and length of body. They are cruel and ferocious in nature. They like to drink blood after killing animals. They look very terrible with highly powerful jaws. They are very strong. There is a mustache on their faces. They like to eat human flesh. They always kill or harm other creatures in the forest. They are very dangerous.

'''Dweepy'''

Compared to sardula, they are a little bit short. They have spots and stripes on their body. The spots and stripes are yellowish white in color. They are also cruel and terrible. They like killing deer’s and humans. They are dull in nature. Their eyes and jaws are red. They are very passionate. They are lazy in nature when they are young. They sleep under trees. 

'''Vyaghra'''

They are yellowish in color and they have stripes all over the body. They are medium in size. They are experts in ambush. It is very difficult to catch or attack them. They are angry in nature. They do not like to be clean. 

The ancient classification system is superior, in my opinion. They took into account animal behavior patterns. By employing cutting-edge techniques, it contributes to biodiversity conservation and helps to comprehend animal and bird ethology. 

'''References:'''

T. Huxley H. (1869). An overview of animal classification. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1071</nowiki>

Hamsadeva, Sadhale, N., and Nene, Y. L. (2008). The science of birds and animals is called Mriga pakshi shastra. <nowiki>http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA91079696</nowiki>

Muir, J. (1866). Art. VIII. — On the Relations of the Ministers to different Classes of Indian Culture in the Vedic Age. 2(2), 257–302: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x0016111</nowiki>

Authored by Naga Srinidhi and Sai Prashanthi. 

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